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The global metalworking fluids market size was USD 10.25 billion in 2019 and it is projected to reach USD 11.60 billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.3% during the forecast period. Asia Pacific dominated the metalworking fluids market with a market share of 40.1% in 2019.
Metalworking fluids are used daily in several industries for operations such as milling, drilling, cutting, stamping, and grinding. Moreover, there is a constant change in the composition of these products due to the changing regulations, formulation, and also due to the pressure from regulatory bodies around the world.
Shut Down of Various Industries During Covid-19 Pandemic to Negatively Impact the Market
The strict measures taken to curb the spread of the coronavirus have affected several industries including automotive, building & construction, and production units of various manufacturing plants. For instance, in India, the effect of COVID-19 is so severe that the automotive industry is growing at a rate of -50% which is significantly less than in 2019. The pandemic has resulted in a huge supply-demand gap and it is directly affecting the production chain of the industries. Metalworking fluid is used in several industries for cutting, stamping, machining, grinding, and other different processes. Supply chain disruptions, labor unavailability, and a slowdown in logistics has reduced the demand for any industrial activity, in turn affecting the industries that are highly dependent on metalworking fluids. These factors are likely to hit the market globally.
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Demand for Bio-based Fluids is Likely to rising Over the Forecast Period
Due to the restrictions imposed owing to ecological issues on human exposure of cutting fluids, meta removal fluids manufacturers, as well as consumers, are getting inclined towards bio-based products. It is fully biodegradable and renewable as its formulation is completely based on synthetic esters and vegetable oils. Moreover, they also fulfill the health and safety criteria set by various government bodies. Major players such as Shell, ExxonMobil, BP plc, and Total SA are already competing with their bio-based products. Now, bio-based fluids hold a low share but it is expected to expand in the upcoming years.
Growing Demand from Automotive & Transportation Industry to Drive the Market
The recovery of the automotive sector, especially in the U.S. post-recession, is expected to augment the growth of metalworking fluids over the forecast period. As per JP Morgan, the US auto industry is making a V-shape recovery which is likely to support the overall recovery of the market. Moreover, emerging economies such as India, China, Russia, and Brazil have witnessed significant growth in the automotive and transportation industries, especially manufacturing sectors. The increasing production of vehicles is the major factor influencing the demand for these products. Besides automotive industries, aerospace, railways, marine, and defense industries are also contributing to the growth.
Furthermore, these fluids continue to be used extensively in the machinery industry. The machine shop is the core of the manufacturing sector, as manufacturers not only focus on productivity and cost-cutting but also on the adoption of sustainable processes and technologies for long term business. The latest machinery industry includes machine shops that are buckling up for the manufacturing of customized specialty products which are expected to drive revenue growth in the coming years.
Stringent Regulations on the Usage of Metalworking Fluids to Confine Market Growth
The major goal and intention of the government agencies is to protect the people, environment and workers from hazards, which are closely related to industrial manufacturing. Thus, there are many agencies working for minimizing the environmental hazards caused by these fluids. Some of the agencies working closely on this include EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and OSH (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety). These agencies have imposed several stringent regulations that are restricting production.
Neat Cutting Oils Segment to Generate the Highest Revenue During the Forecast Period
The neat cutting oils segment holds the largest metalworking fluids market share. Neat cutting oils are usually used for heavy-duty cutting gears such as tapping, broaching, hobbing, grinding, and drilling operations. They mainly act as lubricants, as fatty acids are mainly incorporated in it.
Water cutting oils segment holds a prominent share in the global market, as water is the best solution for cooling. Water is easily available and possesses the best heat-carrying capability. Unlike neat cutting fluids, water cutting oil does not possess lubrication properties and thus it can also lead to corrosion.
Corrosion prevention oils are an integral part of the market, as they are widely used for preventing rust formation and corrosion on workpieces, machine parts, machining tools, and metal tools. The chemical composition of corrosion prevention oils varies according to their chemical structure.
Synthetic Segment to Hold the Majority of Share
In terms of type, the market is segmented into mineral, synthetic, and bio-based. Mineral grade metalworking fluid is most commonly used as it is cost-effective than synthetic and bio-based fluids. Moreover, these fluids are predominantly used as a working fluid for lubricating and cooling purposes. Mineral oil generally consists of one or more refined mineral-based oil, together with pressure additives and anti-corrosion additives.
The synthetic segment holds the largest share in the global market. Synthetic fluids do not contain oil generated from petroleum. In synthetic oil, end-users mostly use detergent-like components and other types of additives to moisten the workpiece. Operations performed using synthetic and semi-synthetic oils are more pleasant to work with as the shop floors are less oily and slippery. Machines also stay cleaner as less dirt and oil are deposited on the surfaces.
The bio-based segment holds a smaller share in this market as the customers are not convinced using bio-based fluids. Moreover, its limitations such as inadequate availability and relatively high price are expected to affect the market for bio-based fluids and thus expected to grow at less CAGR.
Automotive & Transportation Segment to Exhibit a Significant Growth Rate
Automotive manufacturers extensively use metalworking fluids for the manufacturing of various automotive parts and equipment, and thus, the automotive & transportation segment holds the largest share in the metalworking fluid market. Further, they are closely connected to the automotive industry as large volumes of sheet metal and finished components are supplied to this industry. Other transportation industries such as marine and aerospace have several applications of these fluids for the manufacturing of their big parts or components.
The demand for these fluids for construction applications is increasing owing to the rise in building and construction activities. These fluids are extensively used in steel shaping and cutting processes. These products are also used in the manufacturing of construction equipment such as bulldozers and others. Thus, these products hold great significance in construction applications.
The other multiple applications include electrical & power, agriculture, telecommunication, and healthcare. Electrical & power also held a prominent share in the market due to the demand from applications such as gas & steam turbines, wind turbines, engines, and transformers.
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Machinery Segment to Grow at an Impressive Rate
Metalworking fluids have major applications in the machinery segment. These fluids are majorly used in workshops for the forming and cutting of metals. The main purpose of the fluids is to cool the surface, lubricate tools, work-piece, and machinery. Several types of machinery operate in different industries such as automotive, electrical & power, construction and these fluids play an important role in overall manufacturing efficiency within these industries.
Metalworking fluids are used in the manufacturing of various transport equipment such as cranes, conveyors, trucks, and others. An increase in demand for transportation equipment due to rising construction activities is augmenting the demand for these products. Furthermore, they are also used in metal fabrication operations such as metal shaping, surface finishing, and surface preparation for industries such as furniture, domestic appliances, defense, and others.
Asia Pacific Metalworking Fluids Market Size, 2019 (USD Billion)
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Asia Pacific is anticipated to remain a key region in the market during the forecast period owing to the rising demand from the automotive & transportation industry. The market in this region holds the highest share owing to the robust manufacturing base in China and India. Strong support and initiatives taken by the governments of China and India for the manufacturing sector are aiding the dominance of the region in terms of the market share.
Emerging economies such as China and other Southeast Asian countries have witnessed significant growth in their manufacturing sectors. Growing consumption, coupled with favorable regulations, is likely to attract the market. Moreover, rise in demand from the automotive sector is expected to promote the demand in this region over the forecast period.
North America is one of the prime consumers and it also follows strict environmental protection policies imposed by EU Ecolabel, and OSHA. On the other hand, Europe is projected to witness significant growth in the global metalworking fluids market. Robust automotive manufacturing base in Germany and Russia is the key factor driving the market for metalworking in Europe.
Latin America and the Middle East & Africa would showcase lower growth in this market compared to the other regions owing to fewer manufacturing units and low demand due to less population in these regions.
Market Players Such as Chevron Phillips Chemical and Exxon Mobil Corporation to Strengthen their Market Position with Novel Solutions
Several large-scale producers are located in Europe, but the demand is high from Asia Pacific leading to a fragmented market. The producers in North America and Europe are continuously engaged in mergers & acquisitions in order to strengthen their market position and to drive business growth. As a result, key players in the market have developed a strong regional presence, distribution channels, and product offerings.
An Infographic Representation of Metalworking Fluids Market
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The metalworking fluids market report includes a detailed analysis of the market and focuses on crucial aspects such as leading companies, function, application, types, end-use industry and distribution channels. Also, the report offers insights into market trends and highlights vital industry developments. In addition to the factors mentioned above, the report encompasses various factors that have contributed to the growth of the market over recent years.
ATTRIBUTE | DETAILS |
Study Period | 2016-2027 |
Base Year | 2019 |
Forecast Period | 2020-2027 |
Historical Period | 2016-2018 |
Unit | Value (USD Billion) and Volume (Kilo tons) |
Segmentation | Function, Type, Application, End-use Industry and Geography |
By Function
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By Type
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By Application
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By End-use Industry
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By Geography
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Fortune Business Insights says that the market was USD 10.25 Billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 11.60 Billion by 2027.
The market will exhibit a steady growth at a CAGR of 4.3% in the forecast period (2020-2027).
Automotive & Transportation segment is expected to be the leading resin for the market during the forecast period.
Increasing demand from the automotive & transportation industry is driving the market growth.
Asia Pacific is expected to hold the highest share in the market.
The machinery industry would drive the adoption.
Rising demand from the automotive industry is expected to drive the market.
Figure 01 Global Revenue Breakdown (US$ Bn, %) by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 02 Global Volume Breakdown (KT, %) by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 03 Global Metalworking Fluids Production
Figure 04 Global Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 05 Global Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 06 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Neat Cutting Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 07 Global Forecast (KT), by Neat Cutting Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 08 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Water Cutting Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 09 Global Forecast (KT), by Water Cutting Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 10 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Corrosion Prevention Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 11 Global Forecast (KT), by Corrosion Prevention Oils, 2016-2027
Figure 12 Global Forecast (KT), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 13 Global Forecast (KT), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 14 Global Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 15 Global Volume Share (%), by Type 2019 & 2027
Figure 16 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Mineral, 2016-2027
Figure 17 Global Forecast (KT), by Mineral, 2016-2027
Figure 18 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Synthetic, 2016-2027
Figure 19 Global Forecast (KT), by Synthetic, 2016-2027
Figure 20 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Bio-based, 2016-2027
Figure 21 Global Forecast (KT), by Bio-based, 2016-2027
Figure 22 Global Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 23 Global Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 24 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Construction, 2016-2027
Figure 25 Global Forecast (KT), by Construction, 2016-2027
Figure 26 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Electrical & Power, 2016-2027
Figure 27 Global Forecast (KT), by Electrical & Power, 2016-2027
Figure 28 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Agriculture, 2016-2027
Figure 29 Global Forecast (KT), by Agriculture, 2016-2027
Figure 30 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Automotive & Transportation, 2016-2027
Figure 31 Global Forecast (KT), by Automotive & Transportation, 2016-2027
Figure 32 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Telecommunication, 2016-2027
Figure 33 Global Forecast (KT), by Telecommunication, 2016-2027
Figure 34 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Healthcare, 2016-2027
Figure 35 Global Forecast (KT), by End-use Industry, 2016-2027
Figure 36 Global Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 37 Global Volume Share (%), by Metal Fabrication, 2019 & 2027
Figure 38 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Metal Fabrication, 2016-2027
Figure 39 Global Forecast (KT), by Transportation Equipment, 2016-2027
Figure 40 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Transportation Equipment, 2016-2027
Figure 41 Global Forecast (KT), by Machinery, 2016-2027
Figure 42 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Machinery, 2016-2027
Figure 43 Global Forecast (KT), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 44 Global Forecast (US$ Bn), by Others, 2016-2027
Figure 45 Global Revenue Share (%), by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 46 Global Volume Share (%), by Region, 2019 & 2027
Figure 47 North America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 48 North America Volume (KT), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 49 North America Revenue Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 50 North America Volume Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 51 North America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 52 North America Volume (KT), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 53 North America Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 54 North America Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 55 North America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 56 North America Volume (KT), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 57 North America Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 58 North America Volume Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 59 North America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 60 North America Volume (KT), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 61 North America Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 62 North America Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 63 North America Revenue (US$ Bn), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 64 North America Volume (KT), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 65 North America Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 66 North America Volume Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 67 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 68 Europe Volume (KT), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 69 Europe Revenue Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 70 Europe Volume Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 71 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 72 Europe Volume (KT), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 73 Europe Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 74 Europe Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 75 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 76 Europe Volume (KT), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 77 Europe Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 78 Europe Volume Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 79 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 80 Europe Volume (KT), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 81 Europe Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 82 Europe Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 83 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 84 Europe Volume (KT), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 85 Europe Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 86 Europe Volume Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 87 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 88 Asia Pacific Volume (KT), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 89 Asia Pacific Revenue Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 90 Asia Pacific Volume Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 91 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 92 Asia Pacific Volume (KT), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 93 Asia Pacific Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 94 Asia Pacific Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 95 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 96 Asia Pacific Volume (KT), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 97 Asia Pacific Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 98 Asia Pacific Volume Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 99 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 100 Asia Pacific Volume (KT), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 101 Asia Pacific Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 102 Asia Pacific Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 103 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 104 Asia Pacific Volume (KT), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 105 Asia Pacific Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 106 Asia Pacific Volume Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 107 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 108 Latin America Volume (KT), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 109 Latin America Revenue Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 110 Latin America Volume Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 111 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 112 Latin America Volume (KT), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 113 Latin America Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 114 Latin America Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 115 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 116 Latin America Volume (KT), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 117 Latin America Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 118 Latin America Volume Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 119 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 120 Latin America Volume (KT), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 121 Latin America Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 122 Latin America Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 123 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 124 Latin America Volume (KT), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 125 Latin America Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 126 Latin America Volume Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 127 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 128 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT), by Country, 2019 & 2027
Figure 129 Middle East & Africa Revenue Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 130 Middle East & Africa Volume Share (%), by Country, 2019
Figure 131 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 132 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT), by Function, 2019 & 2027
Figure 133 Middle East & Africa Revenue Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 134 Middle East & Africa Volume Share (%), by Function, 2019
Figure 135 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 136 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT), by Type, 2019 & 2027
Figure 137 Middle East & Africa Revenue Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 138 Middle East & Africa Volume Share (%), by Type, 2019
Figure 139 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 140 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT), by Application, 2019 & 2027
Figure 141 Middle East & Africa Revenue Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 142 Middle East & Africa Volume Share (%), by Application, 2019
Figure 143 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 144 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT), by End-use Industry, 2019 & 2027
Figure 145 Middle East & Africa Revenue Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Figure 146 Middle East & Africa Volume Share (%), by End-use Industry, 2019
Table 01 Global Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 02 Global Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 03 Global Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 04 Global Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 05 Global Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 06 Global Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 07 Global Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 08 Global Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 09 Global Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Region, 2016–2027
Table 10 Global Volume (KT) Forecast, by Region, 2016–2027
Table 11 North America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 12 North America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 13 North America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 14 North America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 15 North America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 16 North America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 17 North America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 18 North America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 19 North America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 20 North America Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 21 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 22 Europe Volume (KT) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 23 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 24 Europe Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 25 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 26 Europe Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 27 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 28 Europe Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 29 Europe Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 30 Europe Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 31 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 32 Asia Pacific Volume (KT) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 33 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 34 Asia Pacific Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 35 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 36 Asia Pacific Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 37 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 38 Asia Pacific Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 39 Asia Pacific Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 40 Asia Pacific Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 41 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 42 Latin America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 43 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 44 Latin America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 45 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 46 Latin America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 47 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 48 Latin America Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 49 Latin America Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 50 Latin America Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 51 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 52 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT) Forecast, by Country, 2016–2027
Table 53 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 54 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT) Forecast, by Function, 2016–2027
Table 55 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 56 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT) Forecast, by Type, 2016–2027
Table 57 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 58 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT) Forecast, by Application, 2016–2027
Table 59 Middle East & Africa Revenue (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
Table 60 Middle East & Africa Volume (KT) Forecast, by End-use Industry, 2016–2027
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