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The global propane market size was valued at USD 98.50 billion in 2023. The market is projected to be worth USD 109.77 billion in 2024 and reach USD 278.60 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 12.3% during the forecast period. The propane market in the U.S. is projected to grow significantly, reaching an estimated value of USD 64.81 billion by 2032, driven by the rising demand for space heating and backup power generation.
This gas is a by-product of Natural Gas (NG) processing and crude oil refining. The liquid components recovered during NG processing include ethane, methane, propane, butane, and heavy hydrocarbons. Liquid components recovered during oil refining include propane, butane, and other gases.
This gas, also known as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), is an odorless hydrocarbon gas at normal pressures and temperatures. It is used for residential heating, cooking, and grills. The gas is marketed and sold exclusively for use in motor vehicles and is sometimes branded as autogas to reflect that it is measured, taxed, and dispensed as a fuel. However, it is virtually identical to conventional gas. When pressurized in a tank to 150 pounds per square inch, it becomes a liquid with an energy density 270 times greater than its gaseous form.
The gas industry faced challenges due to reduced industrial and commercial activity during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to lockdowns and economic slowdowns. The global LPG supply and demand had been growing steadily at more than 3% per year during the pre-pandemic decade of 2010-19 before being brought to a sudden halt in 2020 when the pandemic hit. However, there was a revival in the industry’s growth in 2022, exceeding the demand recorded in 2020, as restrictions were eased. The global consumption rose by 3.7% to 332 million tons in 2021 and by 2% from 2019, according to the latest Statistical Review of Global LPG prepared by Argus on behalf of the World LPG Association.
Increasing Focus on Energy Efficiency and Clean Burning Fuel to Create Market Opportunities
The gas is often called a clean-burning fuel with low carbon emissions compared to other fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. Furthermore, it is an energy-efficient fuel that can help businesses and consumers save money on energy bills. Therefore, the increasing focus on energy-efficient, clean burning will create opportunities for this gas in several residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
Nitrogen oxides harm the human respiratory tract. Additionally, it can also form acid rain and affect the environment. Vehicles that generally run on diesel fuel emit more carbon when compared to propane-based vehicles. For example, propane-powered vehicles emit 96% less when compared to nitrogen oxide gas-powered vehicles.
As per the U.S. Department of Energy, an increase of more than 1,200% has been recorded in propane gas production within 10 years. Alongside this production, the growth has created extensive opportunities for careers in the gas industry in production, transportation industry, and retail sales and delivery.
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Adoption of Propane in Recreational Vehicles to Reduce Carbon Footprint to Drive the Market Growth
Autogas vehicles, which produce 90% fewer particulates and 20% lesser CO2 than petrol vehicles, provide drivers with a cleaner and more affordable option. For instance, the global autogas consumption stood at around 2.63 million metric tons in 2023. Propane-powered vehicles have steadily grown over the last two decades as low-emission cost-effective alternative fuels.
The growth in propane-powered vehicles is also being driven by regulatory support and incentives provided for clean-fuel vehicles. For example, in December 2023, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provided grants for transport decarbonization research projects prioritizing the use of alternative fuels in commercial off-road vehicle technologies, including natural gas, hydrogen, and renewable propane. Although electric vehicles have taken center stage in reducing carbon emissions, this gas will continue to be considered a clean, alternate fuel. Furthermore, the adoption of propane in recreational vehicles will be driven by the growing prices of conventional fuel and the regulatory support provided by various governments, thereby fueling the propane market growth.
Steady Growth in LPG Supply and Demand Globally to Drive the Market Growth
The global LPG sales volume has grown from 240 million tons in 2009 to 317 million tons in 2022, driven primarily by the growing demand in India and China.
The global production of LPG was around 332 million tons in 2022, with the U.S. accounting for 27%. The U.S. and China, top two LPG producers worldwide, saw a 4.3% and 7.4% growth in production in 2021.
The coverage of LPG in India is also quite widespread and covers 99.4% of the country. LPG is transported to customers via cylinders or tank trucks. There are more than 25,000 LPG distributors in the country. Hence, the government is promoting LPG as an industrial fuel and intends to increase this to 20% by 2030.
Availability of Alternatives Such as Bio-propane May Hinder the Market Growth
Bio-propane, or bioLPG, is a by-product of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) production that represents about 5% yield on a volume basis. Once purified, bioLPG becomes chemically identical to conventional propane. However, it can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 80%, depending on the feedstock used. Bio-propane output is significantly lower from HVO production from high fatty acid feedstocks, such as Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and tall oil, compared to low fatty acid feedstocks such as virgin vegetable oils or animal fats. Renewable propane is an alternative fuel made from non-petroleum feedstocks, such as natural fats, vegetable oils, and various types of grease. It is chemically identical to conventional propane and can be used as a drop-in replacement fuel in all propane applications.
The global bioLPG production was around 368 million liters (97.2 million gallons) in 2020. This is expected to grow as the total HVO and SAF-grade HEFA production could expand to up to 900 million liters (237.7 million gallons) in 2030 and about 1.4 billion liters (370 million gallons) in 2040. The carbon intensity scores for bioLPG are about the same as the CI scores for the HVO produced in the same batch, determined mainly by which feedstock is used.
HD-5 Grade Segment Holds Dominant Market Share Owing to its Pure Form Majorly Used in Transport Industry
Based on grade, the market is trifurcated into HD-5, HD-10, and commercial.
HD-5 is the dominating grade type for the market. HD-5 grade propane is “consumer grade”. HD-5 means that the propane is in its purest form and is suitable for engine fuel use. HD-5 specification depends on acceptable contents. For example, 99% propane and 1% propylene is HD-5 grade propane, the same as 95% propane and 5% propylene. It is the highest quality propane available to the public and is suggested for use with internal combustion engine fuel.
HD-10 grade propane allows up to 10% propylene in the propylene mixture and still has a propane label. The propane has lower-purity grade and is typically used in industrial applications such as forklift fuel, heating, and drying processes. This segment is expected to experience steady growth during the forecast period due to its lower cost compared to HD-5 propane.
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Residential Segment Holds Major Share as it is Widely Used in Cooking, Heating, and Home Appliances
By end-user, the market is broadly categorized into residential, commercial, industrial, and others. The residential segment holds the dominant market share due to its extensive range of use as a heating fuel in the residential sector. This gas is primarily used in water heating, cooking, refrigerating, clothes drying, powering farms, and industrial equipment. Furthermore, many home appliances, including water heaters, refrigerators, and freezers, use this gas as the primary energy source.
Compared to the residential sector, this gas is used in the commercial sector in much smaller quantities. This gas is also used as a fuel for forklifts and equipment in construction, factories, and warehouses. This application is included in the commercial and industrial sector consumption, depending on the type of business.
Asia Pacific Propane Market Size, 2023 (USD Billion)
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By region, the market has been studied across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the propane market share due to numerous factors such as rapidly growing population and increasing urbanization in major countries such as China, India, and other countries with increased demand. With its diverse applications and versatility, this gas meets the growing energy needs, including residential, commercial, and agricultural sectors.
North America is the second largest region to hold a significant market share. The propane consumption is closely related to the cold temperature in the U.S. There is high demand for heating and maintaining the average temperature in winter. It is used in the residential sector as well as commercial sectors. For the residential sector, the consumption of this gas is the highest in winter, primarily for space heating, and generally occurs in non-urban areas where other heating fuels (electricity, heating oil, natural gas, and wood fuels) are limited or expensive.
Umicore to Bolster its Presence through Organic & Inorganic Expansion Strategies
The global market is considerably fragmented, with various players operating at the national, regional, and global levels. The market participants are significantly focusing on developing high performance with enhanced operational characteristics to fortify their foothold in the industry.
Natural gas processing and crude petroleum refining in ExxonMobil Corporation have a dominant market share among other companies. The company stated that its sales majorly came from the U.S. and held a share of more than 35% of its overall sale.
Other key industry participants include Royal Dutch Shell plc, BP Plc, Chevron, Sinopec, and other small, medium, and large players. These organizations continually focus on expanding their product/service portfolio and reach across the market.
The research and business intelligence report offers an in-depth analysis of the market. It further provides details on the adoption of propane across several regions. Information on trends, drivers, opportunities, threats, and restraints of the market can further help stakeholders gain valuable insights into the market. The report offers a detailed competitive landscape by presenting information on key players along with their strategies in the market.
An Infographic Representation of Propane Market
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ATTRIBUTE | DETAILS |
Study Period | 2019-2032 |
Base Year | 2023 |
Estimated Year | 2024 |
Forecast Period | 2024-2032 |
Historical Period | 2019-2022 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 12.3% from 2024 to 2032 |
Unit | Value (USD Billion) |
Segmentation | By Grade
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By End-user
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By Region
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A study by Fortune Business Insights states that the global market was valued at USD 98.50 billion in 2023.
The global market is projected to record a CAGR of 12.3% over the forecast period.
The Asia Pacific market value stood at USD 43.70 billion in 2023.
Based on end-user, the residential segment holds a dominating share in the global market.
The global market value is expected to reach USD 278.60 billion by 2032.
The rising adoption of propane in recreational vehicles to reduce carbon footprint is likely to drive the market growth over the study period.
Exxon Mobil Corporation and Royal Dutch Shell Plc. are some of the top players actively operating across the market.
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