Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Application (Stationary, Transport, Portable), By End-User (Commercial, Data Centers, Military & Defense, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2024-2032

The global solid oxide fuel cell market size was valued at USD 1.67 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow from USD 2.08 billion in 2024 and reach USD 15.27 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 28.32% during the forecast period. The Asia Pacific dominated the solid oxide fuel cell market with a share of 49.7% in 2023. The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell market in the U.S. is projected to grow significantly, reaching an estimated value of USD 1.42 billion by 2032, driven by the rising demand for clean energy source supported by government incentives and subsidies.

A solid oxide fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical system utilized across different verticals to generate electricity by the oxidation of fuel. These devices are integrated with ceramic or solid metal oxides as electrolytes to conduct the ions between the cathode and anode of the cell. Additionally, the systems are designed to withstand high operating temperatures and can produce optimum output with different fuels, such as hydrogen, natural gas, and propane, among other clean fuels, as well as mixtures. Furthermore, the units are majorly operated on hydrogen fuel to ensure zero-emission operations with heat and water vapors as the only byproducts.

The sudden outbreak of the severe virus termed COVID-19 or novel coronavirus has created a global health emergency. Different national, regional, and global organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and many others, have continuously rolled out policies to curtail the COVID-19 spread. Furthermore, governments have also implemented guidelines, such as social distancing, national lockdowns, remote working alternatives, and constrained global interaction to limit the spread.

Consequently, the market for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells has also been moderately impacted by the pandemic. Various nations have observed a significant decrease in industrial activities leading to declining energy needs, thereby lowering the demand for reliable power sources. Furthermore, the constraint cross-border trade movements have also incurred substantial disruptions across the supply chain of the products.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Market Trends

Continuous Research & Development Activities is a Vital Trend

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) market has observed various public and private collaboration initiatives to launch new products with advanced characteristics. Additionally, different leading research groups across educational institutions have also introduced new ventures to conduct R&D projects focused on the technology, exclusively. For instance, in August 2020, a team of researchers from the Seoul National University and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) in South Korea unveiled an innovative micro-patterning and thin-film 3-D process technology for the production of SOFC units with enhanced efficiency.

Encouraging Government Policies for Hydrogen Infrastructure to Complement the Industry Outlook

Different national and regional authorities have implemented favorable policy frameworks to support the transition towards hydrogen-based technologies, which is likely to add to the solid oxide fuel cell market growth. Besides, governments have also presented their medium and long-term goals to decarbonize the economy and boost the deployment of innovative zero-emission technologies, such as fuel cells. For instance, in September 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced to provide around USD 34 million under the Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) program to design and fabricate small-scale SOFC systems.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Market Growth Factors

Technological Advancement in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells to Drive the Market Growth

Research into novel materials for SOFC components, such as electrolytes, electrodes, and interconnects, is crucial for improving cell performance and durability. Advances in materials science enable the development of more efficient, stable, and cost-effective SOFCs. Utilizing thin film and nanostructured electrodes can increase the electrochemical reaction rates within SOFCs, leading to higher power densities and improved performance. These advancements also contribute to the reduction of operating temperatures and the improvement of thermal cycling stability.

Advancements in fuel processing and reforming technologies enable SOFCs to operate on various fuels, including natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, and syngas from various sources. This fuel flexibility enhances the versatility and applicability of SOFCs in diverse energy markets.

In March 2024, a demonstration project launched by a group of Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering (KSOE), Doosan Fuel Cell (DFCC), HyAxiom, and Shell to apply solid oxide fuel cells (OFC) to large vessels reached a new milestone with environmental test achieved for SOFC. They launched the project in 2022, intending to develop, manufacture, and install 600 kW SOFC auxiliary power unit on a Shell-chartered LNG vessel, which will undergo a year of testing in 2025.

Huge Objectives by Governments to Minimize Dependency on Fossil Fuels to Support Expansion

The devices are readily utilized as a reliable source of power for different verticals, such as stationary, transport, and portable. The units deliver a clean, dependable, and energy-efficient output to serve the rapidly increasing demand. Considerable upsurge inattentiveness to the adoption of green power generation methods, along with the huge hydrogen and other renewable targets to keep a check on the rising GHG levels, is projected to propel the product demand. For example, in January 2019, the Government of South Korea introduced a new policy called Hydrogen Economy Roadmap dedicated to outlining the goals for H2 technologies. The strategy states that the country anticipates manufacturing 6.2 million FCEVs and set up 1,200 hydrogen refueling stations by 2040. Additionally, the plan further targets to deliver about 15 GW of FC systems for stationary power generation by the target year.

RESTRAINING FACTORS

Operational Constraints along with Availability of Other Fuel Cell Systems to Hamper Growth

Different operational characteristics, such as long start-up times, coupled with the need for substantial initial manufacturing costs owing to the utilization of heat-resistant material for construction, are some of the factors that may hinder the market pace. Besides, the prominent availability of other efficient fuel cell technologies, such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), may hamper the industry landscape.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Market Segmentation Analysis

By Application Analysis

Exponential Increase in Energy Consumption to Drive the Stationary Segment

Based on the application, the market can be broadly trifurcated into stationary, transport, and portable. The stationary segment is expected to grow substantially in terms of volume as well as revenue due to the rapid increase in the energy demand across different verticals, along with the need for low carbon alternatives for efficient power generation and cogeneration plants. Furthermore, the transport application sector is also projected to observe a considerable growth rate owing to the rapidly rising need for medium and heavy-duty automotive, along with robust R&D activities.

By End-User Analysis

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Commercial End-user Segment to Hold the Dominating Position in the Market

Based on end-users, this industry can be primarily categorized into commercial, data centers, military & defense, and others. The commercial segment is set to hold a leading market share due to the growing demand for clean energy generation on the site to cater to the abruptly rising electricity needs from different establishments.

Besides, the construction of new & advanced data centers to augment the network infrastructure across emerging as well as developed nations are set to favor the data centers segment over the forecast period. Additionally, the military & defense end-user sector is propelled by the growing usage of unmanned aerial vehicle and undersea vehicles with optimized power characteristics and extended working durations.

REGIONAL INSIGHTS

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The market has been geographically analyzed across four key territories consisting of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world. The Asia Pacific solid oxide fuel cell market stood at USD 0.83 billion in 2023 and is likely to be one of the fastest-growing regions. The growth is backed by the huge government targets for FC technology, rapid urbanization & industrialization, mounting energy demand, and transformation in prevailing infrastructure, among other factors.

Additionally, the European SOFC market is backed by the increasing demand for renewable energy generation and the higher focus to curb carbon footprint and deploy hydrogen-based Combined Heat & Power (CHP) systems. For instance, in 2019, the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU), a private-public collaborative R&D program in Europe, reported that hydrogen fuel is likely to account for about 24% of the overall regional energy consumption by 2050.

Furthermore, favorable regulatory policies, such as tax benefits and financial incentives across the U.S. and Canada, are set to propel the market size in North America. Governments have also introduced targets on the deployment of fuel cell technology, along with a dedicated research & development initiative for FC systems favoring the regional industry landscape.

Consequently, different public and private entities across the rest of the world countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, UAE, South Africa, and many more have been investing significantly to boost the hydrogen infrastructure. Besides, numerous players have also joined forces to augment the H2 production and utilization capabilities across several verticals. For instance, in July 2020, the U.S.-based Air Products declared to ink a contract worth USD 5 billion in collaboration with NEOM and ACWA Power to establish a world-class facility in Saudi Arabia. The new unit is set to commence operations by 2025 and will include generation of 650 tons per day of hydrogen by electrolysis, 4 GW green power by wind, solar, and storage, nitrogen production, and the generation of 1.2 million tons per year of green ammonia.

List of Key Companies in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Market

Strategic Expansion Plans by Bloom Energy to Fortify its Position across the Market

The global SOFC market has observed a wide range of small, medium, and large scale manufacturers delivering different products across the value chain. The competition matrix across the industry is shaped by participants operating at the regional and global levels striving towards introducing new initiatives and products.

Bloom Energy, a U.S.-based fuel cell manufacturing company, has exhibited its long-standing presence in technology development as a competitive edge over its other counterparts. It has further unveiled its plans to start new ventures to collaborate on various scale projects across the globe. For example, in May 2021, the company announced to join forces with the hydrocarbon technology giant, Baker Hughes, to support the transition towards low carbon hydrogen solutions along with the installation and commercialization of advanced systems.

LIST OF KEY COMPANIES PROFILED:

• Ceres (U.K.)


• Bloom Energy (U.S.)


• Convion (Finland)


• AVL (Austria)


• AISIN (Japan)


• SOLIDpower Italia (Italy)


• Bosch (Germany)


• Mitsubishi Power (Japan)


• FuelCell Energy, Inc. (U.S.)


• Catator AB (Sweden)


• Elcogen (Estonia)


• Nexceris, LLC (U.S.)


• Suzhou Huatsing Jingkun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (China)


• Sunfire GmbH (Germany)

KEY INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS:

• February 2024- Fuel cell provider Bloom Energy enabled its energy servers to monitor loads to adapt to the changing demand and supply in microgrids and utilities. The 'Be Flexible' offer works on 'both sides of the meter' and can be used by data center providers and other companies in microgrids. It can also be deployed by utilities that can use fuel cells to fill gaps in generation from other sources.


• June 2023- Bloom Energy signed a contract with Perenco to install 2.5 megawatts (MW) of Bloom solid-oxide fuel cells in England. Perenco is a leading independent hydrocarbon company producing 500,000 BOE of oil and gas per day from operations in 14 partner countries. Delivered in late 2023, the Bloom Energy Server platform will be installed at Wytch Farm in Dorset, England, the largest oil field in Western Europe, where it will be used to support Perenco's baseload needs. The contract is the first deployment of Bloom's fuel cell technology in the U.K.


• January 2021- Ceres Power Holdings plc, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and electrochemical technology specialist, and AVL List GmbH, a world-leading automotive technology developer, announced a new collaboration. This strategic collaboration would allow both companies to selectively use a combination of their SOFC systems IP (intellectual property) portfolios to offer new solutions and jointly license them to a wider range of customers.


• October 2020 – Ceres Power Holdings Plc and Doosan Fuel Cell Co., Ltd. collectively announced to boost their strategic collaboration with the construction of a new SOFC manufacturing facility with 50 MW capacity by 2024. The new unit will be built by Doosan and utilize Ceres’s expertise to deliver enhanced power systems across utility-scale applications.


• June 2020 – Bloom Energy and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) inked a joint development agreement (JDA) to design and produce fuel cell units to propel marine vessels. SHI aims to integrate efficient fuel cell systems in its ship fleets to the International Maritime Organization’s climate objectives.

REPORT COVERAGE

The market research report provides detailed information regarding various insights into the market. Some of them are growth drivers, restraints, and competitive landscape encompassing key players, regional analysis, and challenges. It further offers an analytical depiction of the solid oxide fuel cell market trends and estimations to illustrate the forthcoming investment pockets. The market is quantitatively analyzed from 2022 to 2032 to provide the financial competency of the market. The information gathered in the report has been taken from several primary and secondary sources.

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