"Market Intelligence for High-Geared Performance"

Regenerative Braking System Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Component (Battery, Motor, ECU, and Flywheel), By Propulsion Type (BEV, PHEV, and FCEV), By Vehicle Type (Passenger Car, Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV), and Heavy Commercial Vehicle (HCV)), and Regional Forecasts, 2022-2029

Last Updated: November 04, 2024 | Format: PDF | Report ID: FBI102236

 

  1. Introduction
    1. Research Scope
    2. Market Segmentation
    3. Research Methodology
    4. Definitions and Assumptions
  2. Executive Summary
  3. Market Dynamics
    1. Market Drivers
    2. Market Restraints
    3. Market Opportunities
  4. Key Insights
    1. Key Industry Developments – Mergers, Acquisitions, and Partnerships
    2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
    3. PEST Analysis
    4. COVID-19 Impact
  5. Global Regenerative Braking System Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings / Definitions
    2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Component
      1. Battery
      2. Motor
      3. ECU
      4. Flywheel
    3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. BEV
      2. PHEV
      3. FCEV
    4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Vehicle Type
      1. Passenger cars (PC)
      2. Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
      3. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
    5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Region
      1. North America
      2. Europe
      3. Asia pacific
      4. Rest of the world
  6. North America Regenerative Braking System Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2018-2029
    1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Component
      1. Battery
      2. Motor
      3. ECU
      4. Flywheel
    2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. BEV
      2. PHEV
      3. FCEV
    3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Vehicle Type
      1. Passenger cars (PC)
      2. Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
      3. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
    4. Market Analysis – By Country
      1. The U.S.
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      2. Canada
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      3. Mexico
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
  7. Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2018-2029
    1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Component
      1. Battery
      2. Motor
      3. ECU
      4. Flywheel
    2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. BEV
      2. PHEV
      3. FCEV
    3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. Passenger cars (PC)
      2. Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
      3. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
    4. Market Analysis – By Country
      1. The U.K
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      2. Germany
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      3. France
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      4. Rest of Europe
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
  8. Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2018-2029
    1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Component
      1. Battery
      2. Motor
      3. ECU
      4. Flywheel
    2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. BEV
      2. PHEV
      3. FCEV
    3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Vehicle Type
      1. Passenger cars (PC)
      2. Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
      3. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
    4. Market Analysis – By Country
      1. Japan
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      2. China
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      3. India
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      4. South Korea
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
      5. Rest of Asia Pacific
        1. By Component
        2. By Propulsion
  9. Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2018-2029
    1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Component
      1. Battery
      2. Motor
      3. ECU
      4. Flywheel
    2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Propulsion
      1. BEV
      2. PHEV
      3. FCEV
    3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast – By Vehicle Type
      1. Passenger cars (PC)
      2. Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)
      3. Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
  10. Competitive Analysis
    1. Key Industry Development
    2. Global Market Ranking Analysis (2021)
    3. Competition Dashboard
    4. Comparative Analysis – Major Players
    5. Company Profiles (Overview, Models & services, SWOT analysis, recent developments, strategies, financials (based on availability))
      1. Robert Bosch (Germany)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      2. Denso Corporation (Japan)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      3. Continental AG (Germany)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      4. ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Germany)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      5. BorgWarner Inc. (U.S.)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      6. Hyundai Mobis (South Korea)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      7. Eaton (Ireland)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      8. Brembo S.P.A. (Italy)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      9. Skeleton technologies GmbH (Germany)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
      10. Advices co. Ltd. (Japan)
        1. Overview,
        2. Models & services,
        3. SWOT analysis,
        4. recent developments,
        5. strategies,
        6. financials (based on availability)
Read Less

Figure 01: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue Breakdown (USD billion, %) by Region, 2022 & 2029

Figure 02: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Volume Breakdown (units, %) by Region, 2022 & 2029

Figure 03: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 04: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Volume Share (%), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 05: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Battery, 2018-2029

Figure 06: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Motor, 2018-2029

Figure 07: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by ECU, 2018-2029

Figure 08: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Flywheel, 2018-2029

Figure 09: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by Battery, 2018-2029

Figure 10: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by Motor, 2018-2029

Figure 11: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by ECU, 2018-2029

Figure 12: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by Flywheel, 2018-2029

Figure 13: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 14: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Volume Share (%), By Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 15: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by BEV, 2018-2029

Figure 16: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by PHEV, 2018-2029

Figure 17: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by FCEV, 2018-2029

Figure 18: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by BEV, 2018-2029

Figure 19: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by PHEV, 2018-2029

Figure 20: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by FCEV, 2018-2029

Figure 21: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 22: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Volume Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 23: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Passenger Car, 2018-2029

Figure 24: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by LCV, 2018-2029

Figure 25: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by HCV, 2018-2029

Figure 26: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by BEV, 2018-2029

Figure 27: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by LCV, 2018-2029

Figure 28: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by HCV, 2018-2029

Figure 29: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Region, 2021 & 2029

Figure 30: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Volume Share (%), By Region, 2021 & 2029

Figure 31: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by North America, 2018-2029

Figure 32: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Europe, 2018-2029

Figure 33: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by Asia Pacific, 2018-2029

Figure 34: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (USD billion), by ROW, 2018-2029

Figure 35: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by North America, 2018-2029

Figure 36: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by Europe, 2018-2029

Figure 37: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by Asia Pacific, 2018-2029

Figure 38: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Forecast (units), by ROW, 2018-2029

Figure 39: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 40: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Component, 2021

Figure 41: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 42: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Propulsion, 2021

Figure 43: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 44: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021

Figure 45: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Country, 2021 & 2029

Figure 46: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Country, 2021

Figure 47: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 48: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Component, 2021

Figure 49: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 50: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Propulsion, 2021

Figure 51: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 52: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021

Figure 53: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Country, 2021 & 2029

Figure 54: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Country, 2021

Figure 55: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 56: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Component, 2021

Figure 57: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 58: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Propulsion, 2021

Figure 59: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 60: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021

Figure 61: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Country, 2021 & 2029

Figure 62: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Country, 2021

Figure 63: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Component, 2021 & 2029

Figure 64: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Component, 2021

Figure 65: Rest of the World   Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), by Propulsion, 2021 & 2029

Figure 66: Rest of the World   Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), by Propulsion, 2021

Figure 67: Rest of the World   Regenerative Braking System Market Value (USD billion), By Vehicle Type, 2021 & 2029

Figure 68: Rest of the World   Regenerative Braking System Market Value Share (%), By Vehicle Type, 2021

Table 01: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 02: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 03: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 04: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 05: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 06: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 07: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Region, 2018–2029

Table 08: Global Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Region, 2018–2029

Table 09: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 10: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 11: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 12: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 13: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 14: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Vehicle Type,   2018–2029

Table 15: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Country, 2018–2029

Table 16: North America Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Country,  2018–2029

Table 17: U.S. Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 18: U.S. Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 19: Canada Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 20: Canada Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 21: Mexico Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 22: Mexico Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 23: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 24: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 25: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 26: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 27: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 28: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 29: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Country, 2018–2029

Table 30: Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Country, 2018–2029

Table 31: U.K. Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 32: U.K. Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 33: Germany Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 34: Germany Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 35: France Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 36: France Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 37: Rest of Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 38: Rest of Europe Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 39: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 40: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 41: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 42: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 43: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 44: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Vehicle Type , 2018–2029

Table 45: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Country, 2018–2029

Table 46: Asia Pacific Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Country, 2018–2029

Table 47: China Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 48: China Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 49: Japan Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 50: Japan Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 51: India Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 52: India Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 53: South Korea Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 54: South Korea Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 55: Rest of APAC Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 56: Rest of APAC Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 57: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 58: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Component, 2018–2029

Table 59: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 60: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Propulsion, 2018–2029

Table 61: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (USD billion) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Table 62: Rest of the World Regenerative Braking System Market Revenue (units) Forecast, By Vehicle Type, 2018–2029

Automotive Regenerative Braking System Market Size, Share and Global Industry Trend Forecast till 2029
  • 2018-2029
  • 2021
  • 2018-2020
  • 198
  • Buy Now

Automotive & Transportation Clients

Asahi
Bosch
Deloitee
GM
Hitachi
Hyundai
KIA
Toshiba
Client Testimonials

“We are quite happy with the methodology you outlined. We really appreciate the time your team has spent on this project, and the efforts of your team to answer our questions.”

- One of the largest & renowned medical research centers based in the U.S. on a report on the U.S. NIPT Market.

“Thanks a million. The report looks great!”

- Feedback from a consultant on a report on the U.S. Beef Market.

“Thanks for the excellent report and the insights regarding the lactose market.”

- Brazil based company specializing in production of protein ingredients.

“I liked the report; would it be possible to send me the PPT version as I want to use a few slides in an internal presentation that I am preparing.”

- Global Digital Services Agency on a report on the Global Luxury Goods Market.

“This report is really well done and we really appreciate it! Again, I may have questions as we dig in deeper. Thanks again for some really good work.”

- U.S.-based biotechnology company focussing on treatment of chronic pain.

“Kudos to your team. Thank you very much for your support and agility to answer our questions.”

- Europe-based provider of solutions to automate data centre operations.

“We appreciate you and your team taking out time to share the report and data file with us, and we are grateful for the flexibility provided to modify the document as per request. This does help us in our business decision making. We would be pleased to work with you again, and hope to continue our business relationship long into the future.”

- India-based manufacturer of industrial and specialty intermediates with a strong global presence.

“I want to first congratulate you on the great work done on the Medical Platforms project. Thank you so much for all your efforts.”

- One of the largest cosmetics company in the world.

“Thank you very much. I really appreciate the work your team has done. I feel very comfortable recommending your services to some of the other startups that I’m working with, and will likely establish a good long partnership with you.”

- U.S. based startup operating in the cultivated meat market.

“We received the below report on the U.S. market from you. We were very satisfied with the report.”

- Global hearing aids manufacturer.

“I just finished my first pass-through of the report. Great work! Thank you!”

- U.S. based solar racking solutions provider.

“Thanks again for the great work on our last partnership. We are ramping up a new project to understand the imaging and imaging service and distribution market in the U.S.”

- World’s leading advisory firm.

“We feel positive about the results. Based on the presented results, we will do strategic review of this new information and might commission a detailed study on some of the modules included in the report after end of the year. Overall we are very satisfied and please pass on the praise to the team. Thank you for the co-operation!”

- Germany based machine construction company.

“Thank you very much for the very good report. I have another requirement on cutting tools, paper crafts and decorative items.”

- Japanese manufacturing company of stationery products.

“We are happy with the professionalism of your in-house research team as well as the quality of your research reports. Looking forward to work together on similar projects”

- One of the Leading Food Companies in Germany

“We appreciate the teamwork and efficiency for such an exhaustive and comprehensive report. The data offered to us was exactly what we were looking for. Thank you!”

- Intuitive Surgical

“I recommend Fortune Business Insights for their honesty and flexibility. Not only that they were very responsive and dealt with all my questions very quickly but they also responded honestly and flexibly to the detailed requests from us in preparing the research report. We value them as a research company worthy of building long-term relationships.”

- Major Food Company in Japan

“Well done Fortune Business Insights! The report covered all the points and was very detailed. Looking forward to work together in the future”

- Ziering Medical

“It has been a delightful experience working with you guys. Thank you Fortune Business Insights for your efforts and prompt response”

- Major Manufacturer of Precision Machine Parts in India

“I had a great experience working with Fortune Business Insights. The report was very accurate and as per my requirements. Very satisfied with the overall report as it has helped me to build strategies for my business”

- Hewlett-Packard

“This is regarding the recent report I bought from Fortune Business insights. Remarkable job and great efforts by your research team. I would also like to thank the back end team for offering a continuous support and stitching together a report that is so comprehensive and exhaustive”

- Global Management Consulting Firm

“Please pass on our sincere thanks to the whole team at Fortune Business Insights. This is a very good piece of work and will be very helpful to us going forward. We know where we will be getting business intelligence from in the future.”

- UK-based Start-up in the Medical Devices Sector

“Thank you for sending the market report and data. It looks quite comprehensive and the data is exactly what I was looking for. I appreciate the timeliness and responsiveness of you and your team.”

- One of the Largest Companies in the Defence Industry
We use cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies . Privacy.
X