"Catapult Your Business to Fore, Gain Competitive Advantage "

Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Device (UAVs/Drones, Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles, Robotic Crawlers, Robotic Arms, & Remote Cameras), By Service Type (Testing, Inspection, and Certification), By Sourcing Type (In-house & Outsource), By Technology (Cloud & Cybersecurity, Big Data & Analytics, Blockchain, VR/AR, 5G/6G Networks), By Industry (Consumer Goods & Retail, Agriculture & Food, Oil & Gas, Manufacturing, Aerospace, Healthcare, Chemicals etc), and Regional Forecast, 2022-2029

Last Updated: October 28, 2024 | Format: PDF | Report ID: FBI107358

 

  1. Introduction
    1. Definition, By Segment
    2. Research Methodology/Approach
    3. Data Sources
  2. Executive Summary
  3. Market Dynamics
    1. Macro and Micro Economic Indicators
    2. Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities and Trends
    3. Impact of COVID-19
      1. Short-term Impact
      2. Long-term Impact
  4. Competition Landscape
    1. Business Strategies Adopted by Key Players
    2. Consolidated SWOT Analysis of Key Players
    3. Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Key Players Market Share Insights and Analysis, 2021
    4. Company Mapping
      1. By Industries
      2. By Technology
      3. By Device
    5. Case Studies
  5. Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Device (USD)
      1. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)/Drones
      2. Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles(ROVs)
      3. Robotic Crawlers
      4. Robotic Arms
      5. Remote Cameras
    3. By Service Type (USD)
      1. Testing
      2. Inspection
      3. Certification
    4. By Sourcing Type (USD)
      1. In-house
      2. Outsource
    5. By Technology (USD)
      1. Cloud and Cybersecurity
      2. Big Data and Analytics
      3. Blockchain
      4. Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
      5. 5G/6G Networks
    6. By Industry (USD)
      1. Consumer Goods & Retail
      2. Agriculture & Food
      3. Oil & Gas
      4. Manufacturing
      5. Aerospace
      6. Healthcare
      7. Chemicals
      8. Automotive
      9. Construction
      10. Others (Energy, Maritime)
    7. By Region (USD)
      1. North America
      2. South America
      3. Europe
      4. Middle East & Africa
      5. Asia Pacific
      6. Rest of the World
  6. North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Device (USD)
      1. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)/Drones
      2. Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles(ROVs)
      3. Robotic Crawlers
      4. Robotic Arms
      5. Remote Cameras
    3. By Service Type (USD)
      1. Testing
      2. Inspection
      3. Certification
    4. By Sourcing Type (USD)
      1. In-house
      2. Outsource
    5. By Technology (USD)
      1. Cloud and Cybersecurity
      2. Big Data and Analytics
      3. Blockchain
      4. Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
      5. 5G/6G Networks
    6. By Industry (USD)
      1. Consumer Goods & Retail
      2. Agriculture & Food
      3. Oil & Gas
      4. Manufacturing
      5. Aerospace
      6. Healthcare
      7. Chemicals
      8. Automotive
      9. Construction
      10. Others (Energy, Maritime)
    7. By Country (USD)
      1. U.S.
      2. Canada
      3. Mexico
  7. South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Device (USD)
      1. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)/Drones
      2. Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles(ROVs)
      3. Robotic Crawlers
      4. Robotic Arms
      5. Remote Cameras
    3. By Service Type (USD)
      1. Testing
      2. Inspection
      3. Certification
    4. By Sourcing Type (USD)
      1. In-house
      2. Outsource
    5. By Technology (USD)
      1. Cloud and Cybersecurity
      2. Big Data and Analytics
      3. Blockchain
      4. Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
      5. 5G/6G Networks
    6. By Industry (USD)
      1. Consumer Goods & Retail
      2. Agriculture & Food
      3. Oil & Gas
      4. Manufacturing
      5. Aerospace
      6. Healthcare
      7. Chemicals
      8. Automotive
      9. Construction
      10. Others (Energy, Maritime)
    7. By Country (USD)
      1. Brazil
      2. Argentina
      3. Rest of South America
  8. Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Device (USD)
      1. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)/Drones
      2. Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles(ROVs)
      3. Robotic Crawlers
      4. Robotic Arms
      5. Remote Cameras
    3. By Service Type (USD)
      1. Testing
      2. Inspection
      3. Certification
    4. By Sourcing Type (USD)
      1. In-house
      2. Outsource
    5. By Technology (USD)
      1. Cloud and Cybersecurity
      2. Big Data and Analytics
      3. Blockchain
      4. Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
      5. 5G/6G Networks
    6. By Industry (USD)
      1. Consumer Goods & Retail
      2. Agriculture & Food
      3. Oil & Gas
      4. Manufacturing
      5. Aerospace
      6. Healthcare
      7. Chemicals
      8. Automotive
      9. Construction
      10. Others (Energy, Maritime)
    7. By Country (USD)
      1. U.K.
      2. Germany
      3. France
      4. Italy
      5. Spain
      6. Russia
      7. Benelux
      8. Nordics
      9. Rest of Europe
  9. Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Device (USD)
      1. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)/Drones
      2. Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles(ROVs)
      3. Robotic Crawlers
      4. Robotic Arms
      5. Remote Cameras
    3. By Service Type (USD)
      1. Testing
      2. Inspection
      3. Certification
    4. By Sourcing Type (USD)
      1. In-house
      2. Outsource
    5. By Technology (USD)
      1. Cloud and Cybersecurity
      2. Big Data and Analytics
      3. Blockchain
      4. Virtual/Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
      5. 5G/6G Networks
    6. By Industry (USD)
      1. Consumer Goods & Retail
      2. Agriculture & Food
      3. Oil & Gas
      4. Manufacturing
      5. Aerospace
      6. Healthcare
      7. Chemicals
      8. Automotive
      9. Construction
      10. Others (Energy, Maritime)
    7. By Country (USD)
      1. Turkey
      2. Israel
      3. GCC
      4. North Africa
      5. South Africa
      6. Rest of MEA
  10. Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (Quantitative Data), By Segments, 2018-2029
    1. Key Findings
    2. By Product Type (USD)
      1. Air Filters
      2. Water Filters
      3. Gas Filters
    3. By Application (USD)
      1. Food & Beverage
      2. Chemicals & Materials
      3. Oil & Gas and Power
      4. Pharmaceuticals/Medical
      5. Metal & Mining
      6. Automotive
      7. Others
    4. By Country (USD)
      1. China
      2. India
      3. Japan
      4. South Korea
      5. ASEAN
      6. Oceania
      7. Rest of Asia Pacific
  11. Company Profiles for Top 10 Players (Based on data availability in public domain and/or on paid databases)
    1. SGS SA
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    2. Bureau Veritas
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    3. DEKRA SE
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    4. Intertek Group Plc
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    5. TÜV SÜD AG
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    6. Applus+
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    7. DNV
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    8. Socotec Group
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    9. Cotecna
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
    10. Element Material Technology
      1. Overview
      2. Offerings/Business Segments
      3. Employee Size
      4. Key Financials
      5. Recent Developments
  12. Primary Interview Responses
Read Less

Figure 1: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), 2021 and 2029

Figure 2: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 3: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 4: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 5: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 6: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 7: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Region, 2021 and 2029

Figure 8: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 9: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 10: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 11: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 12: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 13: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Country, 2021 and 2029

Figure 14: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 15: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 16: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 17: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 18: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 19: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Country, 2021 and 2029

Figure 20: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 21: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 22: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 23: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 24: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 25: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Country, 2021 and 2029

Figure 26: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 27: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 28: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 29: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 30: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 31: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Country, 2021 and 2029

Figure 32: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Device, 2021 and 2029

Figure 33: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Service Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 34: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Sourcing Type, 2021 and 2029

Figure 35: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Technology, 2021 and 2029

Figure 36: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Industry, 2021 and 2029

Figure 37: Middle East and Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Revenue Share (%), By Country, 2021 and 2029

Figure 38: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Key Players Market Revenue Share (%), 2021

Table 1: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 – 2029               

Table 2: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029       

Table 3: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029           

Table 4: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029           

Table 5: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029              

Table 6: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029       

Table 7: Global Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Region, 2018 – 2029       

Table 8: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029       

Table 9: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029            

Table 10: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029         

Table 11: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029              

Table 12: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029    

Table 13: North America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Country, 2018 – 2029     

Table 14: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029       

Table 15: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029            

Table 16: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029         

Table 17: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029              

Table 18: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029    

Table 19: South America Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Country, 2018 – 2029     

Table 20: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029       

Table 21: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029           

Table 22: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029           

Table 23: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029              

Table 24: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029       

Table 25: Europe Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Country, 2018 – 2029       

Table 26: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029 

Table 27: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029      

Table 28: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029   

Table 29: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029        

Table 30: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029              

Table 31: Middle East & Africa Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Country, 2018 – 2029               

Table 32: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Device, 2018 – 2029       

Table 33: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Service Type, 2018 – 2029            

Table 34: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Sourcing Type, 2018 – 2029         

Table 35: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Technology, 2018 – 2029              

Table 36: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Industry, 2018 – 2029    

Table 37: Asia Pacific Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, By Country, 2018 – 2029     

Remote Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) Market Size, Share and Global Industry Trend Forecast till 2029
  • 2018-2029
  • 2021
  • 2018-2020
  • 184
  • Buy Now

Machinery & Equipment Clients

BASF
Daikin
Dow
Dupont
Emerson
Honda
Hunkeler
Itochu
Krones
Lek
Mckinsey
Saint Gobain
Siemens
SKF
Toyota

Related Reports

Client Testimonials

“We are quite happy with the methodology you outlined. We really appreciate the time your team has spent on this project, and the efforts of your team to answer our questions.”

- One of the largest & renowned medical research centers based in the U.S. on a report on the U.S. NIPT Market.

“Thanks a million. The report looks great!”

- Feedback from a consultant on a report on the U.S. Beef Market.

“Thanks for the excellent report and the insights regarding the lactose market.”

- Brazil based company specializing in production of protein ingredients.

“I liked the report; would it be possible to send me the PPT version as I want to use a few slides in an internal presentation that I am preparing.”

- Global Digital Services Agency on a report on the Global Luxury Goods Market.

“This report is really well done and we really appreciate it! Again, I may have questions as we dig in deeper. Thanks again for some really good work.”

- U.S.-based biotechnology company focussing on treatment of chronic pain.

“Kudos to your team. Thank you very much for your support and agility to answer our questions.”

- Europe-based provider of solutions to automate data centre operations.

“We appreciate you and your team taking out time to share the report and data file with us, and we are grateful for the flexibility provided to modify the document as per request. This does help us in our business decision making. We would be pleased to work with you again, and hope to continue our business relationship long into the future.”

- India-based manufacturer of industrial and specialty intermediates with a strong global presence.

“I want to first congratulate you on the great work done on the Medical Platforms project. Thank you so much for all your efforts.”

- One of the largest cosmetics company in the world.

“Thank you very much. I really appreciate the work your team has done. I feel very comfortable recommending your services to some of the other startups that I’m working with, and will likely establish a good long partnership with you.”

- U.S. based startup operating in the cultivated meat market.

“We received the below report on the U.S. market from you. We were very satisfied with the report.”

- Global hearing aids manufacturer.

“I just finished my first pass-through of the report. Great work! Thank you!”

- U.S. based solar racking solutions provider.

“Thanks again for the great work on our last partnership. We are ramping up a new project to understand the imaging and imaging service and distribution market in the U.S.”

- World’s leading advisory firm.

“We feel positive about the results. Based on the presented results, we will do strategic review of this new information and might commission a detailed study on some of the modules included in the report after end of the year. Overall we are very satisfied and please pass on the praise to the team. Thank you for the co-operation!”

- Germany based machine construction company.

“Thank you very much for the very good report. I have another requirement on cutting tools, paper crafts and decorative items.”

- Japanese manufacturing company of stationery products.

“We are happy with the professionalism of your in-house research team as well as the quality of your research reports. Looking forward to work together on similar projects”

- One of the Leading Food Companies in Germany

“We appreciate the teamwork and efficiency for such an exhaustive and comprehensive report. The data offered to us was exactly what we were looking for. Thank you!”

- Intuitive Surgical

“I recommend Fortune Business Insights for their honesty and flexibility. Not only that they were very responsive and dealt with all my questions very quickly but they also responded honestly and flexibly to the detailed requests from us in preparing the research report. We value them as a research company worthy of building long-term relationships.”

- Major Food Company in Japan

“Well done Fortune Business Insights! The report covered all the points and was very detailed. Looking forward to work together in the future”

- Ziering Medical

“It has been a delightful experience working with you guys. Thank you Fortune Business Insights for your efforts and prompt response”

- Major Manufacturer of Precision Machine Parts in India

“I had a great experience working with Fortune Business Insights. The report was very accurate and as per my requirements. Very satisfied with the overall report as it has helped me to build strategies for my business”

- Hewlett-Packard

“This is regarding the recent report I bought from Fortune Business insights. Remarkable job and great efforts by your research team. I would also like to thank the back end team for offering a continuous support and stitching together a report that is so comprehensive and exhaustive”

- Global Management Consulting Firm

“Please pass on our sincere thanks to the whole team at Fortune Business Insights. This is a very good piece of work and will be very helpful to us going forward. We know where we will be getting business intelligence from in the future.”

- UK-based Start-up in the Medical Devices Sector

“Thank you for sending the market report and data. It looks quite comprehensive and the data is exactly what I was looking for. I appreciate the timeliness and responsiveness of you and your team.”

- One of the Largest Companies in the Defence Industry
We use cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies . Privacy.
X